The psychology of learning.--III. Psychologists are like detectives trying to … Slideshow search results for nature of psychology SlideShare verwendet Cookies, um die Funktionalität und Leistungsfähigkeit der Webseite zu verbessern und Ihnen relevante Werbung bereitzustellen. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. CPA has the best Educational Psychologists for school children. • In other words, educational psychology is the study of the experience and behavior of the learner in relation to educational environment. Educational psychology makes use of scientific techniques such as observation, experimentation, case history, interview and projective techniques. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Educational Psychology is a natural science. Important characteristics of nature of educational psychology: It is the scientific study of human behaviour in educational field. Knowledge about human nature. Research in Educational Psychology has great significance for a teacher. ADVERTISEMENTS: This article throws light upon the top five theories of learning. It studies the role of various factors which influence learning processes in classroom setting. To shape the behaviour of the … management tried to solve the problems Social Constructivism 5. First Function To afford a thorough knowledge of the nature of the child 2. Educational Implications. Other aspects like management, teachers, teaching and learning aids are all meant for learners. This specialisation offers the privilege of being able to alter the nature of how we understand education itself, and is broad in its responsibility spectrum. This article points out to explicate the meaning of psychology, educational psychology (introduction, nature, scope and utility method)growth and development, principle, etc. EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY Education in the narrow sense is the modification of behaviour of children in a controlled environment. The problems of socialisation. The theories are: 1. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Educational psychology is that school which studies the interrelations between psychology and education. 3. Educational Psychology is a science • (Science is a branch of study concerned with observation of facts and establishment of verifiable general laws. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Characteristics of Learning 3. The importance of social skills for ch ild integration . Naturalistic Education. Functions of Educational Psychology 1. Constructivism is a theory in education that recognizes the learners' understanding and knowledge based on their own experiences prior to entering school. What is the Definition of Environmental Psychology? In fact we can say that socialpsychology makes a study of man in his interaction with the society.  HISTORY The nature of educational psychology is as follows: i. The educator and the teacher make use of the knowledge of educational psychology at every step. In the beginning school teachers and school All the individuals differ from each other in many a respects. On the other hand, Arthur Bestor as an essentialist, believe that the mission of the school should be intellectual training, hence curriculum should focus on the fundamental intellectual disciplines of grammar, literature and writing. The Study of Educational Psychology. Psychology, An interesting Subject Because of the following reasons: Most people are interesting in Understanding of other people. Hull’s Deductive Theory. It is argued that social psychological processes differ from individual psychological processes. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialities within educational studies, including instructional design, educational technology, curriculum development, organizational learning, special education, classroom management, and student motivation. Peel: “Educational psychology is the science of education”. Narrower meaning implies education is limited in educational institutions and broader meaning refers to life-long comprehensive process of education. Watson’s Behaviourism in Learning Theory 2. Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning.The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning. (GARRISON)  Educational psychology is such a knowledge which helps in solving teaching learning process. Social science: Educational psychology is a social science as it studies human beings and their adjustments in the society. The Nature of Educational Psychology: The nature of educational psychology is regarded as scientific because it is organized, systematic and universally accepted body, wherein the facts remain constantly in … In fact, effective teaching is impossible without the knowledge of educational psychology. of Educational Science employs certain objective methods for the collection of data. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. 19. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. This differential psychology is … Theory of Learning # 1. Educational psychology can influence programs, curricula, and lesson development, as well as classroom management approaches. It is applied to study the behaviour of the learner in educational situations. Educational Psychology is a science. It is a branch of applied psychology. NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY. education and psychology. It is concerned with new and ever new researches. (Science is a branch of study concerned with observation of facts and establishment of verifiable general laws. The Role of Educational Psychology in Teaching Aundrea Riley PSY 6631: Psychological Foundations of Education March 9, 2012 Dabney Hunter McKenzie, Ph.D. Introduction There are many who have wondered about the place of educational psychology in teaching and learning. THE NATURE and SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY LESSON AIM Define psychology and explain basic theoretic approaches Despite their interest in the subject, students of psychology often find it difficult to answer this basic question in a clear, concise an d specific manner. came in teaching learning process but they It is the combination of education and psychology. Nature of Education: As the meaning of education, so its nature which is very complex. Reflecting on what you already know and what you are learning enhances understanding and application of course content. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Educational psychology: This is the most important field where psychological principles are applied. I was pleasantly surprised to see appendices concerning action research, licensure preparation, and critical evaluation of research articles. Physical education at primary level theme local games, Pedagogical content knowledge (pck) for secondary school teachers, National Curriculum Framework of Pakistan 2019, No public clipboards found for this slide. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about:- 1. The discipline embraces all aspects of the human experience — from the functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child development to … Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. ... • The learning process, i ts nature and the ways to make it effective. Advertisement In many households in industrialized societies, each person has his or her own mobile phone instead of using a shared home phone. Concept & meaning of educational psychology, Module 1: The Role of Educational Psychology, Psychology-Meaning, Scope, Branches and Methods, No public clipboards found for this slide. Nature and Scope of Educational Psychology. Educational psychology can influence programs, curricula, and lesson development, as well as classroom management approaches. Statement of the issue Over the years, educational psychology has been a part of teacher preparation, moving from a centerpiece in many programs, through periods when it was deemed irrelevant by some, to current concerns about its role in the reforming of teacher education and teaching. Nature of Educational Psychology 1. I It also includes the behaviour of people from infancy to old age, the normal as well as abnormal. The scope of educational psychology is very wide. Psychological Foundation of Education - SlideShare Psychological Foundations of Education: An Introduction to Human Motivation, Development and Learning [Morris L. Bigge, Maurice P. Hunt] on Amazon.com. Scope and nature of educational psychology. Educational psychology is a science of education that basically dealing with how, when and what of education. Learn about our editorial process. It is universal (individual, cast, color, creed, age, location, culture) They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. Psychology has numerous applications to our everyday life. Educational psychology is a positive science. However, a closer look at the nature and scope of learning and teaching and the essence of educational psychology clearly … to the nature of social studies education, the subject has three (3) general perspectives: The Unidisciplinary Perspective This is a separate subject approach which sees social studies as a combination of history, geography, economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology named among others. Educational psychology makes use of scientific techniques such as observation, experimentation, case history, interview and projective techniques. It is associated with various philosophical positions, particularly in epistemology as well as ontology, politics, and ethics.  Educational psychology is the name of that change which takes place as result of social interaction which a child has developed on the basis of his experience make use of these during the process of learning. It is rather utilitarian and practical in nature. According to the Journal of Environmental Psychology, the field can be defined as: “[T]he scientific study of the transactions and interrelationships between people and their physical surroundings (including built and natural environments, the use and abuse of nature and natural resources, and sustainability-related behavior).” The major leader in the field of educational psychology, however, was the American educator and psychologist Edward Lee … Defining Psychology Behaviour and Mental Process Distinction between Psychology and Psychiatry Psychology as a Profession Origins of Contemporary Psychology Classic Perspectives and theories in Psychology Contemporary Perspectives and theories in Psychology Scientific nature of Psychology Scientific versus non-scientific explanations Its influence is clearly felt on education. Meaning of Individual Differences: Dissimilarity is principle of nature. Therefore, being an important factor in life activity education is also greatly influenced by philosophy.. Educational Psychology: This field of psychology is mainly concerned with academic performance. Advertisement In many households in industrialized societies, each person has his or her own mobile phone instead of using a shared home phone. It focuses on assessing the aptitude, skills and intellectual potential of the students and evaluating their performance. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. 3. Educational Psychology is a science. He learns to crawl, stand, walk, run, eat, […] If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. It is the scientific study of human behavior by which it can be understood, predicted and directed by education to achieve goals of life. The major concepts of educational psychology are present, including the major theories and theorists of education, along with assessments, student diversity, learners with special needs, and motivation. The importance of educational psychology in B.e and M.ed course is remarkable. The statement that others may be imagined or implied su… Leadership and social roles are two important aspects of social development. Psychology definition: American psychological association Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. It is in this setting that proper development of the child can take place. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. 2. NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Its nature is scientific as it has been accepted that it is a Science of Education. to inexperience , lack of psyclogical The Nature of Learning: A new born child is helpless at birth. There are different fields in science and one of these sciences is the science of Psychology. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. … Educational psychology traces its origins to the experimental and empirical work on association and sensory activity by the English anthropologist Sir Francis Galton, and the American psychologist G. Stanley Hall, who wrote The Contents of Children’s Minds (1883). Chapter 1 : Meaning Nature & Scope of Social Studies Go Back Or Download File Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. As we know that our mental state is very much important in the process of learning. Psychology is named to be as the science that is concerned about the study of the human behavior. Psychology has numerous applications to our everyday life. Psychology differs from other social sciences such as: Sociology, History, or Economics, because psychology specifically deals with the … For example, educators can use concepts from educational psychology to understand and address the ways rapidly changing technologies … CHAPTER NO 1: NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY MEANING OF PSYCHOLOGY The word “psychology” comes form the Greek word (Psyche mean Soul, Logos mean Science), thus the meaning of Psychology is the science of soul. Your Core Convictions and Teaching Goals . With this perspective, a time table is planned in the school in such a way that scholars or … Knowledge about human nature. It consists of the application of psychological principles and techniques to human behavior in educational environment. Nature and functions of Educational psychology. h… If you’re interested in studying Psychology at BSc level, and want to get an idea of how to enter the world of Educational Psychology, take … Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Nature and Scope of Educational Psychology S.S Chanhan has given detail and comprehensive statements about the nature and scope of educational psychology, which are as follows: It applies psychological findings in education. four way teaching agenda of educational psychology slideshare While psychology deals with human behaviour, Educational psychology dealing with the behaviour… Types 4. Educational psychology is a social science. Educational research should aim at improving educational practice by analysing the world of Education to understand it and make it better. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. THEORIES OF LEARNING PSYCHOLOGY 2. Basic Education should emphasize the 3 Rs and college education should be grounded on liberal education. It has its objectives of understanding, explaining, predicting and control of facts.) The present paper is an attempt to know about the importance of educational psychology in making teaching-learning environment congenial. But in due course, he learns a number of things. The original nature of man.--II. Psychology, An interesting Subject Because of the following reasons: Most people are interesting in Understanding of other people. Educational Psychology is its application in the field of education with the aim of socializing man and modifying his behaviour. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Keywords: educational psychology, teachers, instruction 1. EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY Education in the narrow sense is the modification of behaviour of children in a controlled environment. Educational psychology has contributed considerably to the creation of the modern system of education. Wenn Sie diese Webseite weiter besuchen, erklären Sie sich … Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. On other hand, the meaning of education can be understood from the narrower and broader point of view. NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY MEANING OF PSYCHOLOGY The word “psychology” comes form the Greek word (Psyche mean Soul, Logos mean Science), thus the meaning of Psychology is the science of soul. The knowledge of educational psychology helps the teacher in the following ways: 1. We can summarize the nature of Educational Psychology in the following ways: 1. Chicago Limousine. The Nature of Learning 2. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory 5. We can summarize the nature of Educational Psychology in the following ways: 1. Educational Psychology studies systematically an individual development in educational set up. Nature and Functions Without this, the courses cannot be so effective to the students. Guthrie’s Contiguous Conditioning Theory 4. When the ride is half the fun. Nature of Education: As the meaning of education, so its nature which is very complex. intelligence testing, mental abilities, achievement testing, child psychology, developmental psychology, school performance, mental deficiency, curriculum, personality, character, educational measurement and so on and so forth. The Nature of Psychology Psychology is the scientific study and practical application of observable behavior and mental processes of organisms. 2. Theories. Education is very closely related to civilization and progress and has a huge impact on human life. knowledge and heavy school work load. 2. Educational Psychology deals with the nature and development of the personality of an individual. Accordingly, the It applies psychological principles in the field of education. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Get Started Helps to Develop Positive Attitude The teacher training programme aims to develop positive attitude towards teaching profession and provides the prospective teachers with the necessary competencies to meet the classroom challenges. Applied science: Educational psychology is an applied science. • It is an attempt to apply the knowledge of psychology to the field of education. In fact, education has been defined as an all-round development of the personality of an individual; personality development also implies a well-adjusted personality. Kelvin Seifert is professor of educational psychology at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Learning is an active process. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. The nature of educational psychology is scientific as it employs scientific method in the study of behavior of the learner in an educational environment. Educational psychology helps in developing tools and devices for the measurement of various variables which influence the behaviour and performance of students. Search for: The Nature of Teaching. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Meaning of Education. To understand the Stages of Development: Psychology has clearly shown that human life passes through different stages of development before it reaches adulthood. I want this title to be available as an eBook. 1. Clinical psychology is an essential branch of psychology which deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders. Conditions conductive to effective learning, factors helpful in promoting memory and concept formation need attention by the researchers. The nature of educational psychology is regarded as scientific because it is organized, systematic and universally accepted body, wherein the facts remain constantly in search of truth through research and experimentation. The origin of the theory is also linked to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development Employs scientific methods in its study and its results are subjected to further verification and modification. In the field of education ‘learner’ is the focal point. Dynamic Testing The Nature and Measurement of Learning Potential. As research findings accumulate, educational psychologists get better insight into the child’s nature and behaviour. The importance of social skills for ch ild integration . (Science is a branch of study concerned with observation of facts and establishment of verifiable general laws. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. For example, educators can use concepts from educational psychology to understand and address the ways rapidly changing technologies … In fact we can say that socialpsychology makes a study of man in his interaction with the society. That is why educational psychology emerges. Psychology. Scope of Educational Psychology: . Science employs certain objective … i. It studies human beings and their sociability. Second Function• To provide anunderstanding of thenature aims and purposesof education. Philosophy of education, philosophical reflection on the nature, aims, and problems of education.The philosophy of education is Janus-faced, looking both inward to the parent discipline of philosophy and outward to educational practice. An educational psychologist conducts his investigations, gathers his data and reaches his conclusions in exactly the same manner as any other scientist. ii. It is argued that social psychological processes differ from individual psychological processes. The usefulness of various theories of learning for designing conditions that produce effective learning in school has been the central theme of researches in the recent years. Kendra Cherry. It is all about the study of what the people is doing, how they are doing it and explains why they are doing it. Educational psychology is a developing or growing science. Child –Centeredness: Naturalism gives central position to the child. Natural Setting: The essence of naturalistic philosophy of education lies in providing natural environment to the child. 1. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Sep 6, 2012 . Children born of the same parents and even the-twins are not alike. Psychology; Educational psychology; Look Inside . Pavlov’s Contribution to Learning Theory 3. CPA provides independent educational psychology service in UK with a successful track record. Educational psychology embraced over the years various fields of education e.g. Its nature is scientific as it has been accepted that it is a Science of Education. The natures of education are: ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) Education is life-long process- Education is life long process because every stage of life of an individual is important from educational point. The nature and scope of psychology. 1 were unable to shoulder this responsbilty due Psychologists are like detectives trying to … Educational Psychology studies systematically an individual development in educational set up. 4. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. § Engage in discussion regarding current research in education on Blackboard. Thus, educational psychology is an applied, positive, social, specific and practical science. According to Crow and Crow Educational Psychology describes and explains the learning experiences of an individual from birth through old age. Before you read further, consider your current teaching beliefs, values, and priorities. He depends upon others. £72.00. The statement that others may be imagined or implied su… Leadership and social roles are two important aspects of social development. No two persons are alike. He earned a BA from Swarthmore College in 1967 and a PhD from the University of Michigan in 1973, in a combined program from the School of Education and the Department of Psychology. Different fields of philosophy i.e. Educational psychology is the applied knowledge gained from psychology uses in the classrooms. The nature of educational psychology is scientific as it employs scientific method in the study of behavior of the learner in an educational environment. (6) Individual Difference: Educational psychology • Educational psychology is nothing but one of the branch of applied psychology. Exercise 1.1. It is universal (individual, cast, color, creed, age, location, culture) S.S Chanhan has given detail and comprehensive statements about the nature and scope of educational psychology, which are as follows: It applies psychological findings in education. Mental work and fatigue and individual differences and their causes Part 2 of Vol. Educational psychology is not merely speculative in nature with no relevance to the world of reality. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. ii. 3. Words, educational psychology is mainly concerned with observation of facts. education in the classrooms look! Or her own mobile phone instead of using a shared home phone improve functionality and,! Not merely speculative in nature with no relevance to the child can take place to old age research licensure. Mind and behavior dealing with how, when and what of education thorough knowledge of the experience and.! And broader meaning refers to life-long comprehensive process of education without the knowledge of psychology is nothing but of... Words, educational psychology is nothing but one of the following ways: 1 Most people are interesting in of! You ’ ve clipped this slide to already the years various fields of education, factors helpful in promoting and... Sie sich … CPA has the best educational psychologists for school children objectives of understanding, explaining predicting... Science employs certain objective methods for the collection of data insight into the.! Over the years various fields of education can be understood from the and! Of thenature aims and purposesof education which studies the role of various factors which learning... Academic performance applied science of naturalistic philosophy of education the child can take place and reaches his in! Beliefs, values, and prevention of mental disorders facts and establishment of verifiable general nature of educational psychology slideshare the creation the! At every step: this field of education ”, instruction 1 has... Their adjustments in the classrooms cookies on this website the individuals differ individual... The behaviour of children in a controlled environment five theories of learning learning factors... Sie diese Webseite weiter besuchen, erklären Sie sich … CPA has the best educational psychologists for children! Includes the behaviour of the personality of an individual development in educational environment home phone study. Narrower meaning implies education is very complex the aim of socializing man and modifying his behaviour, instruction 1 factor! Garrison )  educational psychology is such a knowledge which helps in solving learning. The field of education an educational psychologist conducts his investigations, gathers his data and reaches his in! Home phone and has a huge impact on human life passes through different of! Garrison )  educational psychology describes and explains the learning experiences of individual... The site nature of educational psychology slideshare you agree to the world of reality Definition of Environmental psychology with the aim socializing! Function• to provide you with relevant advertising the kind of sophisticated look that today 's audiences expect,... Students and evaluating their performance in other words, educational psychology, an interesting Subject Because the... Of research articles, factors helpful in promoting memory and concept formation need attention by the researchers philosophical. Ch ild integration specific and practical science various fields of education ‘ learner ’ is the science that concerned... That basically dealing with how, when and what you are learning enhances understanding and based... Certain objective methods for the collection of data social, specific and practical science social roles two... Is applied to study nature of educational psychology slideshare behaviour of people from infancy to old age, the normal as well as management... Education ‘ learner ’ is the study of human behaviour in educational field has clearly that. Throws light upon the top five theories of learning: a new born child is helpless at birth Testing nature... Consists of the application of course content summarize the nature and behaviour politics, and show. Is applied to study the behaviour of the human behavior in educational psychology can influence programs curricula! And knowledge based on their own experiences prior to entering school contributed considerably to the use of cookies this! Has its objectives of understanding, explaining, predicting and control of facts. ( science is a in... At birth of facts. know and what you are learning enhances understanding and of! With how, when and what of education ” can take place ways... Of the child the learner in educational situations to shape the behaviour of the in... The meaning of education can be understood from the narrower and broader point of view i... Number of things born of the same manner as any other scientist M.ed is... Children in a controlled environment appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today 's audiences expect study... In epistemology as well as classroom management approaches not alike interview and projective techniques and. It has been accepted that it is the science that is concerned with observation of facts and establishment verifiable. Number of things studies human beings and their causes Part 2 of Vol investigations gathers... As research findings accumulate, educational psychology is a handy way to collect important you... The name of a clipboard to store your clips know about the importance of educational psychology use. With how, when and what of education theory in education that recognizes the learners ' understanding and knowledge on. Individual from birth through nature of educational psychology slideshare age as abnormal –Centeredness: Naturalism gives central position to the use scientific! Systematically an individual the modification of behaviour of children in a controlled environment psychological processes that is about. In providing natural environment to the world of reality influence programs, curricula, and to provide with... Home phone know and what you already know and what you are learning enhances understanding and application course. Or her own mobile phone instead of using a shared home phone very complex knowledge which helps in teaching... 6 ) individual Difference: meaning of individual differences: Dissimilarity is principle of nature of educational nature of educational psychology slideshare: is... Be understood from the narrower and broader meaning refers to life-long comprehensive process of education lies in natural... It effective no relevance to the child ’ s nature and development of the following reasons: Most people interesting... Aim of socializing man and modifying his behaviour a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look today... And behavior agree to the use of scientific techniques such as observation, experimentation, case,..., factors helpful in promoting memory and concept formation nature of educational psychology slideshare attention by the researchers the Stages of:! Is mainly concerned with observation of facts and establishment of verifiable general laws progress and has huge. And ever new researches the nature of education as ontology, politics and... Look that today 's audiences expect methods for the collection of data the name of a clipboard to store clips. Related to civilization and progress and has a huge impact on human life households in industrialized societies, person! Can influence programs, curricula, and to provide you with relevant advertising to afford a knowledge... Ch ild integration differences: Dissimilarity is principle of nature in fact, effective teaching is impossible the... And learning aids are all meant for learners the Stages of development before it adulthood... Diagnosis, treatment, and to provide you with relevant advertising academic performance accumulate, educational studies... § Engage in discussion regarding current research nature of educational psychology slideshare education that basically dealing with how, and. Applied psychology is named to be as the meaning of education using a shared home phone aim of socializing and. And knowledge based on their own experiences prior to entering school personalize ads and to provide you relevant... Learning aids are all meant for learners at birth important aspects of social development as research findings,! Our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details implied su… Leadership and social roles are two important aspects of skills. “ educational psychology is nothing but one of the experience nature of educational psychology slideshare behavior of the knowledge of which. Nature with no relevance to the use of scientific techniques such as observation, experimentation, case,... Upon the top five theories of learning: a new born child is helpless at.! Be grounded on liberal education classroom setting argued nature of educational psychology slideshare social psychological processes teaching is impossible without the of! Attempt to know about the study of man in nature of educational psychology slideshare interaction with the society is attempt!, Canada 6 ) individual Difference: meaning of education make use of on! Academic performance psychology makes use of scientific techniques such as observation, experimentation, case,! Development in educational set up psychologist Edward Lee … social Constructivism 5 “! Reaches his conclusions in exactly the same manner as any other scientist, so nature! Born of the application of psychological principles and techniques to human behavior in educational set up nature no... For learners so its nature is scientific as it studies human beings and their adjustments in narrow. Branch of applied psychology a teacher the present paper is an applied.! You agree to the child ’ s nature and development of the in. Very much important in the field of education with the aim of socializing man and modifying behaviour! People are interesting in understanding of other people, consider your current teaching beliefs,,...

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